Quṣayr 1
Gajda, Arbach and al-Hajj 2013: fig. 1
- Gajda, Arbach and al-Hajj 2013: fig. 1
- Right detail
Gajda, Arbach and al-Hajj 2013: fig. 2 - Central detail
Gajda, Arbach and al-Hajj 2013: fig. 3
INSCRIPTION INFORMATION
| Language | Ancient South Arabian » Sabaic » Southern Middle Sabaic | ||
| Alphabet | Ancient South Arabian | ||
| Script typology | Monumental writing | ||
| Writing technique | Incision | ||
| Measure of letters | 7 | ||
| Chronology |
| ||
| Textual typology | Construction text |
TEXT
1 Ys²m(r) ʾs¹ʾr Yh[...] bn Ṯʾrn [... ...]
2 Yht(f) ʾṣdq w-ʾs²mr Ygʿr hgbʾ w-ṯw(b)[... ... ... ...]—
3 tm w-ḥ[y]ft-hw bn ʿqr w-wbl kwn bn (s)¹r(n)[... ... ... ...](n)[.]s²[...]
4 b-ḫnz(r)[....]s²rʿ wḍʾ-hw wḍʾ-hw w-gbḏ ʾ(m)lk Ḥḍrmwt w-ʾmlk (Q)[tbn w-](ʾml)k S¹bʾ w-
5 [ʾs²]ʿb M(s²rq)n w-bʿd-n hwt mgbḏn w-ḍrn f-wzʾ gbḏ-hw w-dhr ʾ(s²)[ʾb-h](mw) S¹bʾ w-ʾs²ʿ(b)
6 Ḥmyrm w-Ys²mr f-ṯwb ḏn s¹rn w-s¹rn ḏ-Ḥrywn w-wynn ḏ-S²gbn w-k(l) ʾmr-hmw w-ʾqrḍ-
7 hmw w-krwf-hmw w-ʾbʾr-hmw w-ḥẓwr-hmw b-rdʾ ʿṯtr S²rqn w-Wll w-S¹mydʿ w-ʿṯt—
8 r ḏ-Fʾtm w-ʿm w-ʾs²ms¹-hmw w-mnḍḥt ʾbyt-hmw w-b-rdʾ s²ʿb-hmw (ḏ)-Ṯt w-Rdʿ((Rdʿ)) w-(ʾḏg)(((ʾḏl)))-
9 hmw w-ṣdqn w-ḏ yḫs³s³n ḏn s¹ṭrn f-l yʿtbrn-hw ʿtr S²rqn w-ʾlʾlt ʾ—
10 rḍm w-s¹mym
| 4 | ḫnzr might be part of a proper name (the editors suggest to cf. Ḫnzrm of CIH 848 and Wellcome Museum A 103658=Wellcome 1). |
| 9 | yḫs³s³n is a writing variant of the verb from the root ḪS¹S¹. |
TRANSLATIONS
| French | |
1 Yashmar Asʾar Yuh[...] fils de Thaʾrān [... ...] 2 Yahtaf Aṣdaq et Ashmar Yagʿur ont remis en état et réparé [... ...] 3 leurs champs comprenant le terre arrosée par la pluie et la terre arrosée naturellement dans la vallée [... ...] ? 4 ? [....] un élément d'un système d'irrigation qu'avaient détruit (?), ce qu'avaient détruit et dévasté les rois de Ḥaḍramawt, les rois [de Qatabān, ler rois] de Sabaʾ et 5 [les tri]bus de Mashriqān. Après cette destruction et cette guerre leurs tri[bus] de Sabaʾ et les tribus de Ḥimyarum avaient continué à dévaster et à brûler. 6 Alors Yashmar a remis en état cette vallée et la vallée dhū-Ḥaryān et le vignoble dhū-Shagbān et toutes leurs cultures de céréales, barrages (?), 7 citernes, puits et terrains enclos. Avec l'aide de ʿAthtar Shariqān, Walīl et Sumyadaʿ, ʿAthtar 8 dhū-Faʾtum, ʿAmm, leurs divinités protectrices et les divinités protectrices de leurs maisons et avec l'aide de leur tribu dhū-Thāt et Radaʿ et leur (?) 9 et la faveur. Que ʿA<th>tar Shariqān et les divinités de la terre et du ciel protègent cette inscription contre celui qui l'endommagerait. |
| 3 | ḥ[y]ft: the editors suggest a translation based on the Yemeni Arabic ḥēfa "field". |
| 6 | ʾmr from myr "cultivation of cereals". |
| Gajda, Arbach and al-Hajj 2013: 104-105 | Gajda, Iwona, Arbach, Mounir and al-Hajj, Khaled 2013. Une inscription ḥimyarite de la region de Radaʿ. Raydān, 8: 103-110. |
OBJECT INFORMATION
| Support type | Rock inscription |
| Measures | h. 75, w. 150 |
| Link to object record |
ORIGIN AND PROVENANCE
| Modern site | Quṣayr |
| Ancient site | Unknown |
| Geographical area | Radāʿ |
| Country | Yemen |
| Found | In situ |
| Notes | The exact location of the inscription is: N 14°26'32.5'', E 44°48'51.4''. |
| Link to site record |
CULTURAL NOTES
This inscription attests a new epithet of ʿṯtr: ḏ-Fʾtm.
The clear distinction between the letters g and l in this text gives support to the reading of the theonym Wll, allowing to correct the previously suggested reading Wgl in the texts Ir 14, Ir 49, Gr 27, RES 4775.
The clear distinction between the letters g and l in this text gives support to the reading of the theonym Wll, allowing to correct the previously suggested reading Wgl in the texts Ir 14, Ir 49, Gr 27, RES 4775.
The inscription refers to a period of wars: the kings of Ḥaḍramawt, Qatabān, Sabaʾ and the tribes of Ms²rqn devastated the authors' lands and the tribes of Sabaʾ and the tribes of Ḥimyar continued the ravage. According to the editors, this might describe the crisis of the kingdom of Sabaʾ in the 2nd century A.D., when several kings fought for the Sabaean crown.
The inscription provides new information regarding historical geography: cf. the name of lineage and toponym Ṯt with the modern name of the wādī Thā, 10 km from the town of Radāʿ (Rdʿ in the inscription).
BIBLIOGRAPHY
| Gajda, Arbach and al-Hajj 2013: 103-108, figs 1-4 | Gajda, Iwona, Arbach, Mounir and al-Hajj, Khaled 2013. Une inscription ḥimyarite de la region de Radaʿ. Raydān, 8: 103-110. |