KR 6 Ja 2878
Avanzini 2002: 115, fig. 10
INSCRIPTION INFORMATION
| Language | Ancient South Arabian » Ḥaḍramitic | ||
| Alphabet | Ancient South Arabian | ||
| Script typology | Monumental writing | ||
| Writing technique | Incision | ||
| Measure of letters | 6 | ||
| Chronology |
| ||
| Textual typology | Construction text |
TEXT
1 Ṯʿdʾl bn ʾs¹rk ḏ-Dws¹m ʿqb mlkhn b-ʾrḍ S¹ʾklhn brʾ w-s¹ḥdṯ h-mrʾ-s¹ ml—
2 k Ḥḍrmt mḥfdhn Ḏʾnm bn-mw mwṯrm ʾd s²qrm w-mġbb-s¹ w-ġnwṣ-s¹ w-ḫlf—
3 m s²lṯtm h-hgrhn S¹mrm h-ṣnʿ w-s²wf hgrhn S¹mrm b-rdʾ w-mʿd S¹yn ḏ-ʾl—
4 m w-b ḥwr hgrhn S¹mrm b-hy Ḥmyt ḏ-Hs²m rbʿhn w-rṯd-s¹ b-S¹yn
| The reading follows Jamme's (except for l. 3: see below), since large portions of the text are no longer readable from the photo. | |
| 2 | The k at the beginning of the line is dextrograde. |
| 3 | Jamme reads tgs¹rhn; hgrhn is suggested by Avanzini. |
| 4 | bhy (Jamme). Avanzini first corrected as b-hy. |
TRANSLATIONS
| English | |
1 Ṯʿdʾl son of ʾs¹rk, of Dws¹m, viceroy of the king in the land of S¹ʾklhn, constructed and restored for his lord the king of 2 Ḥaḍramawt, the tower Ḏʾnm from foundation to top, and its curtain-walls and surrounding parts (?), and a third 3 gate for the town of S¹mrm, in order to protect and defend the town of S¹mrm, by the help and the will of S¹yn ḏ-ʾlm 4 and by the inhabitants of the town of S¹mrm, in the fourth (eponymate) year of Ḥmyt of Hs²m, and he committed it (i.e. the tower, Ed.) to S¹yn. |
| 4 | The correct interpretation of hy as a noun indicating the (eponymate) year has been done by Multhoff (p.c. to the CSAI project, also mentioned in Stein). |
| Stein 2011: 179 | Stein, Peter 2011. Review of Avanzini, Alessandra (ed.) 2008. A port in Arabia between Rome and the Indian Ocean (3rd C. BC-5th C. AD). Khor Rori Report 2. (Arabia Antica, 5). Rome: «L'Erma» di Bretschneider. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 161: 177-181. |
| English | |
1 Ṯaʿadʾil son of ʾAsrak, he of (the family) Dawsum, representative of the king in the country of Saʾkalhân, has built and originated for his master, the king 2 of Ḥaḍramawt, the tower Ḏaʾnum from bottom to top and its recesses and its bulwarks and a third 3 gate to the city Sumrâm in order to strengthen and shield the bridge Sumrâm, with the help and assistance of Sîn, Him of ʾIl- 4 um, and with [the help of] the inhabitants of Sumrâm - Ḥamîyat, he of (the family) Hâšim, the architect, has made [the tower] wide - and he has entrusted it to Sîn. |
| Jamme 1979: 94-95 | Jamme, Albert W.F. 1979. Miscellanées d'ancient arabe IX. Washington. 2019/07/23; https://cuislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/cuislandora%3A205328#page/1/mode/1up. [Privately printed] |
| English | |
1 Ṯʿdʾl son of ʾs¹rk of Dws¹m commander of the guard of the king in the Saʾkalān land has built and restored for his lord the king of 2 Ḥaḍramawt the tower Ḏʾnm from the base to the top and its curtain-walls and its surrounding parts and a third 3 door for the city of Sumhuram to protect and guard the (city) of Sumhuram by the help and will of Sin 4 and the inhabitants of the city of Sumhuram. In the fourth year of Ḥmyt of Hs²m, he committed it to the protection of S¹yn. |
| Avanzini 2002: 135 | Avanzini, Alessandra 2002. The construction inscriptions on the gate complex. Pages 125-140 in Alessandra Avanzini (ed.). Khor Rori Report 1. (Arabia Antica, 1). Pisa: Edizioni Plus-Università di Pisa. |
| English | |
1 Ṯaʿadʾil, der Sohn des Asrak, von der Sippe Dawsum, Statthalter des Königs im Land Saʾkalan, baute und errichtete für seinen Herrn, den Kö- 2 nig von Ḥaḍramūt, den Turm Ḏaʾnum vom Fundament bis zur Vollendung, und zwar seine Zwischenmauern und seine Auffüllungen (?) und 3 ein drittes Tor für die Stadt Samārum, und zu befestigen und zu schützen die massiven Anlagen (?) von Samārum durch die Hilfe und die Zusage des Siyān ḏū-Alīm 4 und durch die Bewohner der Stadt Samārum durch (b-hy) Ḥamīyat von der Sippe Hāšim, den Einwohner (von Samārum). Und er stellte ihn (d. h. den Turm dem Siyān) unter Schutz. |
| Breton 1994 c: 139 | Breton, Jean-François 1994. Les fortifications d'Arabie méridionale du 7e au 1er siècle avant notre ère. (Archäologische Berichte aus dem Yemen, 8). Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern. |
OBJECT INFORMATION
| Deposit | Unknown, M 578 |
| Support type | Inscription on architectural structure » Gate |
| Material | Stone |
| Measures | h. 36, w. 127, th. 33 |
| Link to object record |
ORIGIN AND PROVENANCE
| Modern site | Khawr Rūrī |
| Ancient site | S¹mhrm / S¹mrm |
| Geographical area | Southern Ẓufār |
| Country | Oman |
| Archaeological context | Urban context: City gate tower Ḏʾnm |
| Link to site record |
BIBLIOGRAPHY
| Jamme 1979: 94-95, pl. h | Jamme, Albert W.F. 1979. Miscellanées d'ancient arabe IX. Washington. 2019/07/23; https://cuislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/cuislandora%3A205328#page/1/mode/1up. [Privately printed] |
| Albright 1982: 44, 87, pl. 35, fig. 66 | Albright, Frank P. 1982. The American Archaeological Expedition in Dhofar, Oman, 1952-1953. (Publications of the American Foundation for the Study of Man, 6). Washington: American Foundation for the Study of Man / Philadelphia, Pa.: Distributed by G. Allen, Bookseller. |
| Avanzini 2002: 134-135, fig. 10 | Avanzini, Alessandra 2002. The construction inscriptions on the gate complex. Pages 125-140 in Alessandra Avanzini (ed.). Khor Rori Report 1. (Arabia Antica, 1). Pisa: Edizioni Plus-Università di Pisa. |