Language | Ancient South Arabian » Ḥaḍramitic | ||
Alphabet | Ancient South Arabian | ||
Script typology | Monumental writing | ||
Writing technique | Incision | ||
Measure of letters | 8 | ||
Chronology |
| ||
Textual typology | Construction text | ||
Royal inscription | Yes |
Breton dates the text to the 2nd c. AD, but the presence of s³ instead of ṯ suggests a more ancient date (see Prioletta 2006). |
1 | Between the first and the second fragment, Pirenne integrates m[lk Ḥḍrmt ʿḏb w-rfd]; Beeston suggests bnʾ w-rfd. The integration of m(ḥ)[f](d) (between the second and the third fragment) and (ṣ)[ḥf] (at the end of the third one) are suggested by Bron. |
2 | Ṣdqḏkr could refer to the same lineage name mentioned in Shabwa VI/76/81, which also comes from the Shabwa city walls. |
English | |
1 Ydʿʾl Byn son of Ydʿʾb, king of Ḥaḍramawt [... ...] the city wall of Shabwa with three towers and four curtains [... ...] 2 by ḏt Ḥs³wlm and by ḏt Ḥmym [... ...] Ṣdqḏkr, kbr of Ḥaḍramawt, by Ḥaḍramawt and by [... ...] |
Support type | Inscription on architectural structure |
Material | Stone |
Link to object record |
Modern site | Shabwa |
Ancient site | S²bwt |
Geographical area | Shabwa |
Country | Yemen |
Notes | The first fragment is reemployed; the second (now lost) and the third ones are in the wādī bed. |
Link to site record |
Beeston 1947: 53-55, pl. I | Beeston, Alfred F.L. 1947. Two Shabwa Inscriptions. Le Muséon, 60: 51-55. |
Pirenne 1990: 56-58, fig. 20, pl. XLVII/a-b | Pirenne, Jacqueline 1990. Les témoins écrit de la région de Shabwa et l'histoire. Jean-François Breton (ed.), Fouilles de Shabwa. 1. (Bibliothèque archéologique et historique, 134). Paris: Librairie orientaliste Paul Geuthner. [Institut français d'Archéologie du Proche-Orient] |
Bron 1991 a: 460 | Bron, François 1991. Notes sur les inscriptions de Shabwa. Syria, 68: 459-462. |
Prioletta 2006: 259, fig. 3 | Prioletta, Alessia 2006. Note di epigrafia Hadramawtica 1. L'alternanza di ṯ e s³. Egitto e Vicino Oriente, 29: 249-267. |
Breton 2009 b: 9 | Breton, Jean-François 2009. De Shabwa à Palmyre: questions d'urbanisme. Pages 3-30 in Jean-François Breton (ed.). Fouilles de Shabwa IV. Shabwa et son contexte architectural et artistique du Ier siècle avant J.-C. au IVe siècle après J.-C.. Jean-François Breton (ed.), Fouilles de Shabwa. 4. (Bibliothèque archéologique et historique, 190). Ṣanʿāʾ: Centre français d'archéologie et de sciences sociales de Ṣanʿāʾ / Beirut: Institut français d'archéologie du Proche-Orient. |
Prioletta 2013 b: 98, fn. 35 | Prioletta, Alessia 2013. Remarks on some processes of assimilation and innovation in the language and culture of Ḥaḍramawt during its ancient history. Aula Orientalis, 31/1: 93-108. |