RES 3689 Q 67; CSAI I, 198
INSCRIPTION INFORMATION
| Language | Ancient South Arabian » Qatabanic » Central Qatabanic | ||
| Alphabet | Ancient South Arabian | ||
| Script typology | Monumental writing | ||
| Writing technique | Incision | ||
| Chronology |
| ||
| Textual typology | Legal text | ||
| Royal inscription | Yes |
TEXT
1 S²hr Ygl bn Ydʿʾb mlk Qtbn ṣry w-s¹fḥ bn Ḥṭbm mḥ—
2 rm ʿm ḏ-Dwnm w-bn Rṣfm mḥrm ʾnby S²ymn w-bn tḥt S²ms¹
3 w-rbʿ S²hr ʾdm-s¹ Mʿdkrb bn Hybr w-Wdʾl bn Rbḥ w-ʾḫhy-
4 s¹my ʾrby ʿm ḏ-Lbḫ w-tʾnṯ-s¹m bn s¹nṣfm w-s¹kt w-ʾḫḏ w-
5 gddm l-(ʿṣm) wdm w-bntm w-s²ftm l-ʿm w-ʾṯrt n-l ys¹tfḥwn
6 ʾrby ʿm ḏ-Lbḫ w-tʾnṯ-s¹m b-ʿlw ḏt mḥrtn w-ṣry S²hr ʾdm-s¹
7 ʾrby ʿm ḏ-Lbḫ w-tʾnṯ-s¹m b-ṣdq-s¹m ḥg ḏt mḥrtn w-ʾs¹ṭrn
8 w-ṯfṭ S²hr ʾdm-s¹ (ʾrby ḏ)-Lbḫ l-s¹ṭr w-ftḫ ḏtn ʾs¹ṭrn b-s¹rn
9 Lbḫ w-b m(ḥd)-s¹m b-byt ʿm ḏ-Lbḫ b-ḏ Ġylm wrḫ-s¹ ḏ-Bs²mm ḫr—
10 f ʿmʿly (ḏ)-Ġrbm qdmn w-ḏn ʾs¹dn ʾrby ḏ-Lbḫ ʾlḏy b-ʿlw ml—
11 kn nḥql ((n-ḥql)) ḏ-bn ṣḥf Dtnt ws²wb w-ṯmr ʿm w-tʿlm-ʾy yd S²hr
12 w-tqdm w-s¹ʿs²q ʾs¹ṭr ḏn brṯn
13 Nbṭʿm bn ʾls¹mʿ bn Hybr ḏ-ʾ—
14 mnt ʿm ḏ-Lbḫ w-ʾrby-s¹
TRANSLATIONS
| English | |
1 S²hr Ygl son of Ydʿʾb king of Qataban proclaimed the oracular decision and publicly announced from the Ḥṭbm 2 temple of ʿm ḏ-Dwnm and from the Rṣfm temple of ʾnby S²ymn and under the protection of S²ms¹ 3 and Rbʿ S²hr for his subjects Mʿdkrb he of Hybr and Wdʾl he of Rbḥ and their 4 fellow clansmen, the Priests of ʿm ḏ-Lbḫ with their womenfolk, on the basis of performing ritual actions and obeying (?) and submitting (?) and 5 making offerings (?), for (the establishment of) a covenantal relationship of love and affiliation and good promise with ʿm and ʾṯrt; then let 6 the Priests of ʿm ḏ-Lbḫ and their womenfolk hold themselves bound in accordance with this edict; and S²hr proclaimed the oracular decision for his subjects 7 the Priests of ʿm ḏ-Lbḫ and their womenfolk to their benefit according to this edict and the written records; 8 and S²hr ordered for his subjects the Priests of Lbḫ to write and to inscribe these written records in the valley 9 of Lbḫ and in their own devoted space in the temple of ʿm ḏ-Lbḫ in ḏ-Ġylm; its month ḏ-Bs²mm, the first year 10 of ʿmʿly he of Grbm; and these people, the Priests of ʿm ḏ-Lbḫ, are those who have (no) rights over (any) property 11 other than (what established) in the legal document of Dtnt on dates and crops of ʿm; and the signature (was made by) the hand of S²hr 12 and was in charge and had engraved the wtitten records of this public declaration 13 Nbṭʿm son of ʾls¹mʿ he of Hybr 14 the member of the administrative committee of ʿm ḏ-Lbḫ and his Priests. |
| Mazzini 2020: 159-160 | Mazzini, Giovanni 2020. The Ancient South Arabian royal edicts from the Southern Gate of Timnaʿ and the Ǧabal Labaḫ. (Epigraphische Forschungen auf der Arabischen Halbinsel, 8). |
OBJECT INFORMATION
| Support type | Rock inscription |
| Link to object record |
ORIGIN AND PROVENANCE
| Modern site | Unknown |
| Ancient site | Unknown |
| Geographical area | wādī Labaḫ |
| Country | Yemen |
| Link to site record |
BIBLIOGRAPHY
| Beeston 1971: 10-12 | Beeston, Alfred F.L. 1971. The Labakh texts. Qahtan. Studies in Old Arabian Epigraphy. 2. London: Luzac and Co.. |
| Pirenne 1991: 159-160, 164, photo | Pirenne, Jacqueline 1991. Les ʾArbay du Dieu ʿAmm de Labakh et leur sanctuaire rupestre. Pages 153-166 in Études sud-arabes. Recueil offert à Jacques Ryckmans. (Publications de l'Institut Orientaliste de Louvain, 39). Louvain-La-Neuve: Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut Orientaliste. |
| Mazzini 2020: 159-160, 165-202, fig. 41 | Mazzini, Giovanni 2020. The Ancient South Arabian royal edicts from the Southern Gate of Timnaʿ and the Ǧabal Labaḫ. (Epigraphische Forschungen auf der Arabischen Halbinsel, 8). |