Ja 892 KR 21
INSCRIPTION INFORMATION
| Language | Ancient South Arabian » Ḥaḍramitic | ||
| Alphabet | Ancient South Arabian | ||
| Script typology | Monumental writing | ||
| Writing technique | Incision | ||
| Chronology |
| ||
| Textual typology | Cult practice text |
GENERAL NOTES
| The textual typology of the text is peculiar: the authors deliver the oracle of the god. |
TEXT
1 M(ʿ)dʾl Nmrn bn S²ʿbm w-
2 Frys¹n((Wrys¹n)) [...]d(yhn) (s¹ns²ʾ) |
3 w-ṣry S¹yn[ ḏ-ʾ](l)m (b)-mʿd-
4 s¹ bn (mḥ)rm-s¹ b-(S¹ʾ)nn b-
5 ʾrḍ S¹(ʾ)klhn (b)-Mb(s²r)m
6 w-Rmlm w-Ms¹gʿ w-qtdm ṣ—
7 ry-s¹ hy (T)rf ḏ-Mrs³d (ʾq)dmhn |
8 (ʾ)d mḥrm-s¹ ʾlm b-S²bwt (b)—
9 (n) mlk S¹mhrm mkrb Ḥḍrm(t) |
| In Jamme's edition, ll. 10-11 (engraved above l. 1) are given as the end of the text. However, as Wissmann first proposed, these have to be considered as an independent inscription (see Ja 892a). | |
| Letters n and k dextrograde and ṣ upside down throughout the text. | |
| 1 | Mʿdʾl or Mrdʾl (Wissmann). |
| 2 | Wrys¹n (all the editors), but the first letter rather seems a f. The name could indicate a second author or a second patronymic of Mʿdʾl Nmrn. Hʾs²dyhn (Jamme); Hʾydyhn (Wissmann); h[..]dyhn (Avanzini). The reading of the first three letters, however, remains too uncertain. s¹fs²ʾ (Jamme, Wissmann); s¹[.]s²[.] (Avanzini). Nevertheless, the second letter can by no means be a f and seems instead a n. |
| 4 | A one-letter vacuum between m and s¹ in mḥrm-s¹. |
| 5 | A one-letter vacuum between l and h in S¹ʾklhn. Ḍmbs²rm (Jamme, Wissmann); (b)-Mb[.]rm (Avanzini). |
| 5-6 | The onomastic category of the thee coordinated names preceded by the preposition b- remains undefined. |
| 6 | A one-letter vacuum between w and q in w-qtdm. |
| 7 | The correct reading (hy Trf ḏ-Mrs³d ʾqdmhn) instead of the traditional one adopted by all the editors (h-ṯ Trf ḏ-Mrs³d ʾrdmhn) has been done by Multhoff (p.c. to the CSAI project, also cited in Stein). |
TRANSLATIONS
| English | |
1 Mʿdʾl Nmrn son of S²ʿbm, and 2 Frys¹n (or Wrys¹n), from (the tribe ?) [..]d, took up 3 and was given the oracular decision of S¹yn ḏ-ʾlm, according to His promise, 4 from His temple in S¹ʾnn, in 5 the land of S¹ʾklhn, with (?) Mb[.]rm 6 Rmlm and Ms¹gʿ. And he directed His oracular decision 7 in the first year of Trf of Mrs³d 8 in His temple of ʾlm in Shabwa, concerning (?) 9 the property of S¹mhrm, mukarrib of Ḥaḍramawt. |
| English | |
1 Maʿadʾil Nimrân, son of Šaʿabum, and of 2 Wuraysân, the Haʾšidite, has publicly revealed 3 and given away to Sîn, Him of ʾllum, because of His [=Sîn's] promise [given] 4 from His temple in Saʾnan, in 5 the country of Saʾkalhân. Dammbaširum 6 and Ramlum and Masgiʿ. And led his 7 guard, Hayṯ Tarif, he of (the clan) Marśad, these persons gathered together 8 to His temple, ʾIlum, in Šabwat, at the 9 request of the king of Sumhurâm, the moukarrib of Ḥaḍramawt. |
| Jamme 1967 a: 146-148 | Jamme, Albert W.F. 1967. Two New Hadrami Inscriptions from Zofar. Bibliotheca Orientalis, 24: 145-148. |
| German | |
1 Maʿdīʾil Nimrān, Sohn des Šaʿūbum, und 2 Wuraisān, der Huʾaiditer, hat bekanntgemacht und 3 verkündet (das Orakel) des Siyān ḏ-Alīm an seinem (das heißt dem von ihm bestimmten) Termin 4 von seinem Tempel in Saʾnūn im 5 Land von Saʾkalahān betreffs Dammbaširum 6 und Rimālum und Masgaʿ. Und es hat ausgeführt 7 seine (Orakel)entscheidung über sie (das heißt die genannten Orte) Taraf Ḏū-Marśad, nämlich die (Errichtung der) ardām 8 bis zu seinem Tempel Alīm in Šabwat auf Geheiß 9 des Königs von Samahārum, des Mukarribs von Ḥaḍramūt. |
| Müller, Walter W. 1977 a: 27 | Müller, Walter W. 1977. Die Inschriften Khor Rori 1 bis 4. Pages 53-56 in Hermann von Wissmann. Das Weihrauchland Saʾkalān, Samārum und Mos-cha. Mit Beiträgen von Walter W. Müller. (Sitzungsberichte der Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-historische Klasse, 324). Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. |
| English | |
1 Mʿdʾl Nmrn son of S²ʿbm, and 2 Wrys¹n, of the tribe H[..]d, [...] 3 and delivered the Sīn ḏ-ʾlm oracular decision, according to His promise (response of the oracle), 4 from His temple in S¹ʾnn, in 5 the S¹ʾklhn land, in Mb[.]rm 6 Rmlm and Ms¹gʿ. Trf of Mrs³d, of the tribe Rdm, executed 7 His oracular decision with regard to that (the S¹ʾklhn land?) 8 in His temple of ʾlm in Shabwa, concerning (in relation to) 9 the dominions of Sumhuram, mukarrib of Ḥaḍramawt. |
| 2-4 | "And he entrusted to the protection of S¹yn ḏ-ʾlm, according to His promise coming from His temple in S¹ʾnn, in the S¹ʾkln land, Ḍmbs²rm, Rmln and Ms¹gʿ" (Frantsouzoff). |
| 6-8 | "Und er (sc. der in Z. 1 genannte Autor Maʿdʾil Nimrān) hat seine Orakel-anfrage geleitet (im) ersten Eponymatsjahr des Taraf aus (der Sippe) Murāśid in seinem (sc. des Gottes Sīn) Tempel in der Stadt Šabwat" (Stein). |
| Avanzini 2008 a: 630 | Avanzini, Alessandra 2008. Notes for a history of Sumhuram and a new inscription of Yashhurʾil. Pages 609-641 in Alessandra Avanzini (ed.). A port in Arabia between Rome and the Indian Ocean (3rd C. BC-5th C. AD). Khor Rori Report 2. (Arabia Antica, 5). Rome: «L'Erma» di Bretschneider. |
| Frantsouzoff 1998 b: 136 | Frantsouzoff, Serguei A. 1998. O vodopol'zovanii v drevnem Vnutrennem Hadramaute. Epigrafika Vostoka, 25: 130-151. |
| Stein 2011: 179 | Stein, Peter 2011. Review of Avanzini, Alessandra (ed.) 2008. A port in Arabia between Rome and the Indian Ocean (3rd C. BC-5th C. AD). Khor Rori Report 2. (Arabia Antica, 5). Rome: «L'Erma» di Bretschneider. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 161: 177-181. |
OBJECT INFORMATION
| Deposit | Unknown, M 642 |
| Support type | Stone inscription |
| Material | Stone |
| Measures | h. 80, w. 75 |
| Link to object record |
ORIGIN AND PROVENANCE
| Modern site | Ḥanūn |
| Ancient site | S¹ʾnn |
| Geographical area | Ẓufār |
| Country | Oman |
| Link to site record |
BIBLIOGRAPHY
| Phillips, Wendell 1966: pl. opposite p. 147 | Phillips, Wendell 1966. Unknown Oman. London: Longmans / New York: D. McKay. |
| Jamme 1967 a: 146-148, pl. II/3 | Jamme, Albert W.F. 1967. Two New Hadrami Inscriptions from Zofar. Bibliotheca Orientalis, 24: 145-148. |
| Wissmann 1977: 21, 23-28 (facsimile), 44-48, pl. 2 | Wissmann, Hermann von 1977. Das Weihrauchland Saʾkalān, Samārum und Mos-cha. Mit Beiträgen von Walter W. Müller. (Sitzungsberichte der Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophisch-historische Klasse, 324). Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. |
| Albright 1982: 89, pl. 40, fig. 79 | Albright, Frank P. 1982. The American Archaeological Expedition in Dhofar, Oman, 1952-1953. (Publications of the American Foundation for the Study of Man, 6). Washington: American Foundation for the Study of Man / Philadelphia, Pa.: Distributed by G. Allen, Bookseller. |
| Prioletta 2006: 258-259, fig. 1 | Prioletta, Alessia 2006. Note di epigrafia Hadramawtica 1. L'alternanza di ṯ e s³. Egitto e Vicino Oriente, 29: 249-267. |
| Avanzini 2008 a: 630-631, fig. 12 | Avanzini, Alessandra 2008. Notes for a history of Sumhuram and a new inscription of Yashhurʾil. Pages 609-641 in Alessandra Avanzini (ed.). A port in Arabia between Rome and the Indian Ocean (3rd C. BC-5th C. AD). Khor Rori Report 2. (Arabia Antica, 5). Rome: «L'Erma» di Bretschneider. |
| Stein 2011: 179 | Stein, Peter 2011. Review of Avanzini, Alessandra (ed.) 2008. A port in Arabia between Rome and the Indian Ocean (3rd C. BC-5th C. AD). Khor Rori Report 2. (Arabia Antica, 5). Rome: «L'Erma» di Bretschneider. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 161: 177-181. |