| Language | Ancient South Arabian » Sabaic » Early Sabaic | ||
| Script | Ancient South Arabian | ||
| Script typology | Monumental writing | ||
| Text direction | Right-to-left | ||
| Text appearance | Recessed | ||
| Execution technique | Incision | ||
| Chronology |
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| Textual typology | Construction text |
| For the dating of the inscription and its relationship with the text Demirjian 1, see the Cultural Notes. |
| 1-6 | al-Dhayyib and al-Masʿūd 2025's reading: [..........]rs²wn ns²(ny)n bny (wh) .....z mws¹ln wṯbnhn blq lʾlmq h ywm rkl ʿd mṣr wddn wywm s¹l m wwfy bn ḍr ywnm (k)l qny hys¹ r ʿd ʾydnn bʿṯtr wbʾlmqh wb ḏt Ns²qm wḏ.....ʾl mlk s¹bʾ |
| 1 | The reconstruction of the name of the author as Ṣbḥhmw is confirmed by means of the identification with the Sabaean man called Ṣbḥhmw who is author of the inscription Demirjian 1 (= B-L Nashq ?). Cf. Arbach 2025: 304; Nebes 2025: 11-12, fn. 4. |
| 5 | ʾydnn is related to Yadnuna, the name of Cyprus in the Neo-Assyrian sources: indeed, the parallel passage in Demirjian 1 mentions Kition as the destination of goods sent from Gaza by Ṣbḥhmw (cf. Arbach 2025: 305, fn. 32). |
| 6 | The name of king Ydʿʾl, although damaged on the stone, is legible. Demirjian 1 provides the full name of the king: Ydʿʾl Byn bn Yṯʿʾmr. Cf. Arbach 2025: 305. |
| English | |
1 [Ṣbḥ]hmw of the family Rs²wn, the one from Nashq, built and 2 renovated the base and the two seats in stone for ʾlmqh, 3 when he traded towards Egypt and Dadan, and when 4 they were safe and sound from the war of Ionia all the goods he sent 5 to the Cypriotes, by ʿṯtr and by ʾlmqh and by 6 ḏt Ns²qm and by Ydʿʾl king of Sabaʾ |
| Support type | Rock |
| Material | Rock |
| Link to object record |
| Modern site | Jabal Sāq |
| Ancient site | Unknown |
| Geographical area | Ḥijāz |
| Country | Saudi Arabia |
| Found | In situ |
| Archaeological context | Religious context: Temple of ʾlmqh |
| Link to site record |
| al-Dhayyib and al-Masʿūd 2025: 39-42 (with photo) | al-Dhayyib, Sulaymān ʿAbd al-Raḥmān and al-Masʿūd, Aḥmad 2025. Nuqūsh ʿarabiyya sabaʾiyya min muḥāfaẓat al-ʿUlā: al-Mamlaka al-ʿArabiyya al-Suʿūdiyya. (Silsilat Qirāʾāt, 22). Riyadh: Markaz al-Malik Fayṣal lil-Buḥūth wa-l-Dirāsāt al-Islāmiyya. |
| Arbach 2025: 304-305 | Arbach, Mounir 2025. Review of: Sulaymān ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Dhayyib & Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Masʿūd, Nuqūsh ʿarabiyya sabʾiyya min muḥāfaẓat al-ʿUlā : al-mamlaka al- ʿArabiyya al-saʾūdiyya. Semitica et Classica, 18: 301-305. 2026/05/03; https://doi.org/10.1484/J.SEC.5.152652. |
| Nebes 2025: 11-12, fn. 4 | Nebes, Norbert 2025. Regularien für die Kaufleute von Sirwah und die Alabastersteinbrüche von al-Maḫdara (Jemen). (Sabaica et Aethiopica, 2). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. |