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Av. Aqmar 1 Ir 77
By kind permission of K. Noman
By kind permission of K. Noman
By kind permission of K. Noman
By kind permission of K. Noman
By kind permission of K. Noman
By kind permission of K. Noman
By kind permission of K. Noman
By kind permission of K. Noman
By kind permission of K. Noman
By kind permission of K. Noman
Avanzini 1985: pl.15/2
Avanzini 1985: pl. 16
Avanzini 1985: pl. 15/1
INSCRIPTION INFORMATION
| Language | Ancient South Arabian » Sabaic » Southern Middle Sabaic | ||
| Script | Ancient South Arabian | ||
| Script typology | Monumental writing | ||
| Text direction | Right-to-left | ||
| Text appearance | Raised | ||
| Execution technique | Incision | ||
| Measure of letters | 5 | ||
| Chronology |
| ||
| Textual typology | Construction text |
TEXT
1 [... ...]s²ʿr Yr(ʿ)ẓ q(y)l [S²]ddm w-(ʾbrt)ʿ Yhḥmd w-Ḏʾbm bny Ṯʾrn [ḏ-]
2 (S¹l)yt w-S¹mhs¹mʿ brʾw w-hgbʾ w-ndb w-ṯwbn mḥfd-hmw R(dʿm) mḥfd bny Gm(n)—
3 [m ..] (hgrn) (Ytrm) b[... ...] w-ṣlw-hw bn mwṯrm ʿdy s²qrm b-mqm w-rdʾ ʿṯtr S²rqn w-ʾl-(hm)[w]
4 ʿṯtr ḏ-Ẓhr-Ys¹r w-mnḍḥ-hmw ʿṯtr ḏ-ʾlmm w-b-mqm w-rdʾ mrʾ-hmw Ys¹rm Yhṣdq ml(k)
5 S¹bʾ w-ḏ-Rydn w-bny-hw S²mr w-Lʿzm w-b-m[q]ymt w-ʾ[ḫ]yl w-ws²(ʿn) s²ʿb-hmw S²ddm Yhqb—
6 ḍ w-ṯwb ḏn mḥfdn ʾb[r]tʿ Yhḥmd bn Ṯʾrn ḏ-S¹lyt w-S¹mhs¹mʿ |
7 b-ywm tbrl bn byt S¹mhs¹mʿ byt [bny ]Gm(n)m (ḏ)-b-hg[r]n (Y)trm
| Reading based on the new photos taken by Kh. Noman. | |
| 3, 7 | hgrn Ytrb (l. 3) and Ytrb (l. 7) (al-Iryānī). |
| 5 | qhyl w-ws²ʿ (al-Iryānī). |
| 7 | For the reading tbrl instead of the previously accepted tbrg, see Mazzini 2011: 130-131 and references cited. |
TRANSLATIONS
| English | |
1 [... ...]s²ʿr Yrʿẓ qyl of S²ddm and ʾbrtʿ Yhḥmd and Ḏʾbm from the family of Ṯʾrn 2 ḏ-S¹lyt and S¹mhs¹mʿ built, repaired, constructed and completed their tower Ryʿm, the tower of the family Gmnm, 3 [... ...] city of Ytrm b[... ...] and its façades from foundation to top, by the power and the help of ʿṯtr S²rqn and their god 4 ʿṯtr ḏ-Ẓhr Ys¹r and their tutelary deity ʿṯtr ḏ-ʾlmm, and by the power and the help of their lord Ys¹rm Yhṣdq king of 5 Sabaʾ and ḏu-Raydān and his sons S²mr and Lʿzm, and by the authority, the power and the favour of their tribe S²ddm Yhqbḍ; 6 and ʾbrtʿ Yhḥmd descendant of Ṯʾrn ḏ-S¹lyt and S¹mhs¹mʿ repaired this tower, 7 after the house of the family Gmnm bought it for herself from the house of the family S¹mhs¹mʿ, that in the city of Ytrm. |
OBJECT INFORMATION
| Support type | Architectural structure |
| Material | Stone |
| Dimensions | h. 0.44, w. 128 |
| Link to object record |
ORIGIN AND PROVENANCE
| Modern site | al-Aqmār |
| Ancient site | Ytrm |
| Geographical area | Dhamār |
| Country | Yemen |
| Found | Reemployed. In modern times |
| Archaeological context | Urban context: Tower Ryʿm |
| Notes | The inscribed block is inserted above the entrance door of the mosque of al-Aqmār, a village that is also the origin of the inscription, since it is mentioned in the text with its ancient name, Ytrm. |
| Link to site record |
BIBLIOGRAPHY
| Avanzini 1985: 85-93, pls 15/1-2 and 16 | Avanzini, Alessandra 1985. Problemi storici della regione di al-Ḥadāʾ nel periodo preislamico e nuove iscrizioni. Pages 53-115 in Pelio Fronzaroli (ed.). Studi Yemeniti. (Quaderni di semitistica, 14). Florence: Istituto di linguistica e di lingue orientali, Università di Firenze. |
| al-Iryānī 1992: 52-71, photo | al-Iryānī, Muṭahhar 1992. Naqšāni min al-Aqmār. Dirāsāt Yamanīya, 47: 52-71. |
| Mazzini 2011: 130-131 | Mazzini, Giovanni 2011. Osservazioni epigrafiche, filologiche e comparative su alcuni testi legali sabei al British Museum. Egitto e Vicino Oriente, 34: 129-147. |