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RES 4646
Eugen Mittwoch and Hans Schlobies
Mittwoch and Schlobies 1936: 16, n. 9
Mittwoch and Schlobies 1936: 16, n. 9
INSCRIPTION INFORMATION
| Language | Ancient South Arabian » Sabaic » Central Middle Sabaic | ||
| Script | Ancient South Arabian | ||
| Script typology | Monumental writing | ||
| Text direction | Right-to-left | ||
| Chronology |
| ||
| Textual typology | Legal text | ||
| Royal inscription | Yes |
TEXT
1 [kn hḥ]r w-rys³n w-ws³ʿ m(r)[ʾ]-
2 [hmw ʾ]ls²rḥ Yḥḍb mlk S¹b—
3 [ʾ w-ḏ-R]ydn bn Frʿm Ynhb m—
4 [lk S¹b]ʾ ḏn wtfn ḏ-ḫmr ʾ[d]—
5 [m-hw ]Whbʾwm w-Y(d)mm-w-Ḥmʿṯ[t]
6 [w-..]krb bnw S¹ḫymm w-s²ʿb-[h]—
7 [mw] Yrs¹m bn ʿdw kl ʾns¹m l-ḫ—
8 [dʿ] w-ḥṣm w-s²tr kl ms²ym(t)[ ..]—
9 [..]rt w-mḥglt w-ʾṯl w-ḥṣ[...]—
10 [..]mkl(([..]m-kl)) mḥglm w-ḥẓrm bn s¹r[n]
11 [Y]fʿn w-ʾrḍ Yblḥ bn Rʾs¹ Mq[.—
12 ..]n ʿdy-Gḍrn w-mn-mw ḏ-yʿdwn
13 [w]-ḫdʿn w-ḥṣm w-ḫṣb ʾṯlm w-mḥ—
14 glm b-hwt s¹rn b-ʿly ḏn ḫm—
15 rnn w-ḏ-wtfn((w-ḏ<n>-wtfn)) f-l ytqdmn |
16 w-hqmn ḫfrt mrʾ-hmw mlk—
17 n f-l yzʾn nkrn b-ʿly ḫfr—
18 t-hw ḏ-yrbwn w-kwn ḏn ḫmrn<n>
19 w-wtfn b-wrḫ ḏ-Ns¹wr qdmn g—
20 yl ḫrf Mʿdkrb bn Tbʿkrb bn
21 Ḥzfrm s¹dṯn
| 8-9 | RES restores: ms²ym[t ḫf]rt "Felder der Sippschaft" (following Rhodokanakis 1937). |
| 9-10 | RES restores: w-ḥṣ[t ms²]m-kl "und Schwund des Feldes (ist)- eines jeglichen" (following Rhodokanakis 1937); J. Ryckmans suggests ḥṣ[d] "céréales moissonnées". |
| 11 | rʾs¹ as a noun: "source" (J. Ryckmans). |
| 15 | w-<ḏ>n-wtfn is suggested by J. Ryckmans. |
| 18 | The emendation ḫmrn<n> follows Stein and is based on the occurrence of the noun at l. 14. |
TRANSLATIONS
| English | |
1 Thus ordained and decreed and commanded their lord 2 ʾls²rḥ Yḥḍb, king of Sabaʾ 3 and ḏu-Raydān, son of Frʿm Ynhb, 4 king of Sabaʾ, this document that (the King) granted to his 5 vassals Hbʾwm, Ydmm, Ḥmʿṯt 6 and [..]krb, of the banū S¹ḫymm, and to their tribe 7 Yrs¹m: that anyone should penetrate into, and (thus) damage, 8 trample down, destroy and smash all the fields [...] 9 [..] and enclosed fields and tamarisks and ? 10 [...] the whole (?) enclosed field and enclosed land, from the valley 11 Yfʿn and the land of Yblḥ, from Rʾs¹ Mq[.]— 12 [..]n to Gḍrn. And whosoever will penetrate, 13 damage, trample down and cut down the tamarisks and the enclosed field 14 in this valley, (thus acting) against this donation and this (?) document, 15 shall be presented for trial 16 and shall pay reparation (to) their lord, the king; 17 and furthermore he shall pay a fine, in addition to 18 his reparation, to the one who cultivates the land. And this donation 19 and document (took place) at the beginning of the month of Ns¹wr, 20 during the sixth year of (the eponymate) of Mʿdkrb, son of Tbʿkrb, of the banū Ḥzfrm. |
| 1-20 | "Ainsi ont ordonné (...) le présent édit qu'ils ont accordé à leurs sujets (...), tribu de Suḫaim, et à leur clan YRSm, afin qu'aucun homme ne viole (les limites) pour porter at[teinte à] piétiner ou saccager tout cham[p pro]tégé ou clôturé ou des tamaris ou une moiss[on ...] entourés d'une clôture ou d'une barrière, depuis la val[lée de Ya]fʿān et le territoire de (la tribu de) YBLḤ, à partir de la source MQ[...] jusqu'à Ġrdn : quiconque violera (des limites) [pour] porter atteinte à, ou piétiner, ou ... des tamaris ou un enclos, dans ladite vallée au mépris du présent accord et édit, qu'il soit attrait (en justice) et tenu responsable envers le domaine clôturé de leur seigneur le roi. Et que cultivateur poursuive le déprédateur de son domaine clôturé. Fut le présent accord et édit ou mois de ... etc." (J. Ryckmans 1956 a). |
| 12-17 | "und ein jeder, der kommt, um in dem genannten Tal Tamarisken, und eingesäumte Felder abzuholzen bzw. zu verwüsten und niederzutrampeln entgegen (der Weisung) dieser Zueignung und Bestimmung, der soll vor Gericht gebracht werden und ihrem Herrn, dem König, entsprechenden Schadensersatz entrichten" (Nebes 1995 a). |
| 17 | "und ferner soll er über seine Schadensersatzzahlung hinaus auch demjenigen, der (das Land) bewirtschaftet, ein Bußgeld entrichten" (Nebes 1995 a). |
| 15-18 | The translation of ḫrfrt (l. 16, 17) and on the whole passage is based on Beeston's interpretation. "The crucial passage is lines 15-18... The trespasser 'shall be brought to justice and shall make the reparation (due to) their lord the king; furthermore, he shall pay a fine, on top of the reparation made to him (the king), to the cultivator (on whose land the trespasser took place)' " (Beeston). |
| Ryckmans, Jacques 1956 a: 97-98 | Ryckmans, Jacques 1956. Himyaritica 1. Le Muséon, 69: 91-98. |
| Beeston 1973: 448-450 | Beeston, Alfred F.L. 1973. Notes on Old South Arabian lexicography VIII. Le Muséon, 86: 443-453. |
| Nebes 1995 a: 51, n. 144, 59, n. 172 | Nebes, Norbert 1995. Die Konstruktionen mit /fa-/ im Altsüdarabischen. Syntaktische und epigraphische Untersuchungen. (Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission, 40). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. |
OBJECT INFORMATION
| Deposit | Hamburg, Museum für Völkerkunde, 31.300: 1615 |
| Support type | Stone piece |
| Material | Stone |
| Dimensions | h. 70, w. 27 |
| Link to object record |
ORIGIN AND PROVENANCE
| Modern site | Unknown |
| Ancient site | Unknown |
| Geographical area | Unknown |
| Country | Unknown |
| Link to site record |
BIBLIOGRAPHY
| Mittwoch and Schlobies 1936: 16-19, n. 9 | Mittwoch, Eugen and Schlobies, Hans 1936. Altsüdarabische Inschriften im Hamburgischen Museum für Völkerkunde. Orientalia, 5: 1-34; 278-293; 349-357. |
| Rhodokanakis 1937: 1-6 | Rhodokanakis, Nikolaus 1937. Eine altsüdarabishe Watf-Inschrift. Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien: 1-6. |
| Ryckmans, Jacques 1956 a: 94-98 | Ryckmans, Jacques 1956. Himyaritica 1. Le Muséon, 69: 91-98. |
| Stein 2003 a: 57, fn. 71 | Stein, Peter 2003. Untersuchungen zur Phonologie und Morphologie des Sabäischen. (Epigraphische Forschungen auf der Arabischen Halbinsel, 3). Rahden: Marie Leidorf GmbH / Westf.: Marie Leidorf GmbH. |