CSAI
Corpus of South Arabian Inscriptions


Catalogue 2000: 308, cat. 136
photo
Catalogue 2000: 308, cat. 136
photo
Antonini de Maigret 2012 a: 109, fig. 6
photo
ʿAlī ʿAqīl and Antonini 2007: 141, cat. I.A.b.1
photo
ʿAlī ʿAqīl and Antonini 2007: 140-141, cat. I.A.b.1
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ʿAlī ʿAqīl and Antonini 2007: 141, cat. I.A.b.1

DEPOSIT INFORMATION

DepositṢanʿāʾ, The National Museum, YM 262

SUPPORT INFORMATION

Support typeArtefact » Sculpture in the round » Human figure
MaterialBronze
Dimensionsh. 93, w. of the shoulders 27, w. of the head 15
Decoration
Figurative subjectHuman figure
      GenderMan
      Part of human bodyComplete figure
      Human gestureMoving
      Human clothes and attributesBelt, Short skirt, Leopard skin
      Human jewelleryRing
      Human weaponDagger/knife
      ViewFrontal
Notes on support and decorationsThe statue represents a walking man, dressed in a short kilt with a dagger inserted in the belt. A leopard skin covers his back and the animal's paws are crossed on the chest. The dedicatory inscription is incised from the shoulders to the right knee.

ORIGIN AND PROVENANCE

Origin and provenance
Modern siteMaḥram Bilqīs
Ancient siteʾwm
Geographical areaMaʾrib
CountryYemen
Archaeological contextReligious context: Temple of ʾlmqh bʿl ʾwm
NotesThe statue was found by the AFSM near the pillars of the temple (Albright and Jamme 1953: 33, fig. 1).
Link to site record

CULTURAL NOTES

'The identity and the chronology of Maʿdîkarib statue is still a metter of debate. Some scholars maintain that a number of features clearly indicate a Mediterranean influence. In particular, the standing posture with the left leg advanced, the hairstyle in a triple row of curls framing the face and the skin in the style of a leontè (knotted lion skin worn over the shoulder) indicate an affinity with Phoenician-Cypriot representation of Melqart/Heracles inspired by Greek sculpture of the 5th-4th century B.C. For this reason, the figure has been identified as a divinity, specifically, the national Sabaean god Almaqah to whom the statue was dedicated, and dated around the middle of the 1 st millennium BC. However, according to a more recent interpretation based on the inscription that identifies the figure as one of a Group of three warriors, the statue has been interpreted as representing a high-ranking Sabaean man, a warrior (the statue probably used to hold a spear and a staff in its hands), and dated from the 6th century BC' (Antonini De Maigret 2012 a: 63).

EPIGRAPHS

TitleJa 400 A
ConcordanceMaMB 306 A
LanguageAncient South Arabian » Sabaic » Early Sabaic
Link to epigraph record
TitleJa 400 B
ConcordanceMaMB 306 B
LanguageAncient South Arabian » Sabaic » Early Sabaic
Link to epigraph record

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Albright and Jamme 1953: Albright and Jamme 1953: 35, fig. 2Albright, Frank P. and Jamme, Albert W.F. 1953. A Bronze Statue from Mareb, Yemen. The Scientific Monthly, 76/january 1953: 33-35.
Garbini 1966: 59-65, pl. VIIGarbini, Giovanni. La datazione della statua sudarabica di Maʿadkarib. Oriens Antiquus, 5/1966: 59-65.
Pirenne 1972: 198-217,Pirenne, Jacqueline 1972. Notes d'archéologie sud-arabe VIII: la représentation du jeune dieu. Syria, 49: 193-217.
Catalogue 2000: 308-309, cat. 1362000. Yemen. Nel paese della Regina di Saba. Catalogo della Mostra, Palazzo Ruspoli, Fondazione Memmo, Roma 6 Aprile - 30 Giugno 2000. Milan: Skira.
Mille et al. 2010: 13, fig. 8Gajda, Iwona, Benoît, Mille, Demange, Françoise, Pariselle, Christine, Coquinot, Yvan, Porto, Élisa, Tavoso, Olivier and Zink, Antoine 2010. Hawtarʾathat, fils de Raḍawʾil, du lignage de Shalalum. Une grande statue de bronze du royaume de Sabaʾ (Yémen). Monuments et Mémoires de la Fondation Eugène Piot, 89: 5-68.
ʿAlī ʿAqīl and Antonini 2007: 39-41, 140-141, cat. I.A.b.1ʿAlī ʿAqīl,ʿAzza and Antonini, Sabina 2007. Bronzi sudarabici di periodo preislamico. Repertorio iconografico sudarabico. 3. Paris: de Boccard / Rome: IsIAO. [Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres; Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente]
Antonini de Maigret 2012: 63, fig. 60Antonini de Maigret, Sabina 2012. South Arabian art. Art history in pre-Islamic Yemen. (Orient & Méditerranée, 10). Paris: De Boccard.
Antonini de Maigret 2012 a: 108-109, fig. 6Antonini de Maigret, Sabina 2012. Il sentimento religioso e le arti figurative dei Sudarabici. Pages 105-114 in Sabina Antonini, Paola D'Amore and Michael Jung (eds). Il trono della regina di Saba. Cultura e diplomazia fra Italia e Yemen. La Collezione Sudarabica del Museo Nazionale d'Arte Orientale. Rome: Artemide.